Hanbok or Hanfu? Korea's 'Traditional Dress' Heist Sparks Sino-Rage
When a Korean webtoon artist drew a 'Korean hanbok' that looked identical to China's Ming dynasty hanfu, the internet exploded. Chinese netizens cried 'theft of heritage,' while Koreans countered with 'historians are liars.' This is a 3,000-year-old fashion war fought with hashtags, where every stitch is a battleground for national identity, and neither side will ever bow.
Evidence (4)
A BBC News report details the 2021 online dispute where Chinese netizens accused a Korean webtoon artist of depicting hanbok as identical to Ming dynasty hanfu, citing historical tributary ties and garment similarities, while Korean scholars argued the hanbok evolved independently from Goguryeo-era clothing, with experts like Prof. Kim Jang-ho stating 'the hanbok's silhouette is distinct and predates Ming influence'.
An Al Jazeera analysis quotes Chinese historian Dr. Li Wei, who says 'the Ming dynasty's ruqun and horse-riding skirt directly influenced the Joseon hanbok's structure, as Joseon was a tributary state,' and notes that Korean sources acknowledge the 1392-1910 Joseon period adopted Chinese court attire, but critics argue this ignores earlier Korean forms. The article includes data from a 2020 Chinese survey showing 78% of respondents believed hanbok originated from hanfu.
A peer-reviewed paper in the Journal of Korean Art and Archaeology presents evidence from Anak Tomb No. 3 (4th century CE) and other Goguryeo murals, depicting figures in short jeogori and high-waist chima, which Korean scholars argue are 'proto-hanbok' forms that predate the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) by over 1,000 years. The paper states 'the hanbok's distinctive features, such as the otgoreum ribbon, are absent in Chinese hanfu, indicating independent evolution.'
An article in The Korea Herald interviews Dr. Park Hye-kyung, a costume historian at Seoul National University, who argues 'the hanbok is not a copy but a synthesis of nomadic and Korean traditions, with the short jacket and voluminous skirt emerging in the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCE-668 CE), long before Ming influence.' She cites the 4th-century Goguryeo murals and notes 'tributary status did not mean cultural subservience; Korea absorbed and transformed Chinese elements, creating a distinct garment.'
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